现在,通常,为了让手机连上一个WiFi热点,基本上都是打开手机设置里面的WiFi设置功能,然后会看到里面有个WiFi热点列表,然后选择你要的连接上。 基本上你只要打开手机连接WiFi功能,都会发现附近有超级多的各种来路不明的WiFi热点(连接有风险需谨慎),那么手机是怎么知道附近的WiFi的呢?
通常,无线网络提供的WiFi热点,大部分都开放了SSID广播(记得之前博主讲过WiFi热点也可以隐藏的),Scan WiFi的功能就是扫描出所有附近的WiFi热点的SSID信息,这样一来,客户端就可以根据需要选择不同的SSID连入对应的无线网络中。
一般扫描网络需要几百毫秒才能完成。
而扫描WiFi过程包括:
- 触发扫描过程
- 等待完成
- 提供结果
那么Scan WiFi库提供了两种方式实现上面的扫描过程:
- 同步扫描:通过单个函数在一次运行中完成,需要等待完成所有操作才能继续运行下面的操作。
- 异步扫描:把上面的过程分成几个步骤,每个步骤由一个单独函数完成,我们可以在扫描过程中执行其他任务。
扫描操作方法
同步扫描周边有效wifi网络
/**
* Start scan WiFi networks available
* @param async run in async mode(是否启动异步扫描)
* @param show_hidden show hidden networks(是否扫描隐藏网络)
* @param channel scan only this channel (0 for all channels)(是否扫描特定通道)
* @param ssid* scan for only this ssid (NULL for all ssid's)(是否扫描特定的SSID)
* @return Number of discovered networks
*/
int8_t scanNetworks(bool async = false, bool show_hidden = false, uint8 channel = 0, uint8* ssid = NULL);
//实例代码 这只是部分代码 不能直接使用
//同步扫描
int n = WiFi.scanNetworks();//不需要填任何参数
Serial.println("scan done");
if (n == 0) {
Serial.println("no networks found");
} else {
Serial.println(" networks found");
}
异步扫描周边有效网络
/**
* Start scan WiFi networks available
* @param async run in async mode(是否启动异步扫描)
* @param show_hidden show hidden networks(是否扫描隐藏网络)
* @param channel scan only this channel (0 for all channels)(是否扫描特定通道)
* @param ssid* scan for only this ssid (NULL for all ssid's)(是否扫描特定的SSID)
* @return Number of discovered networks
*/
int8_t scanNetworks(bool async = false, bool show_hidden = false, uint8 channel = 0, uint8* ssid = NULL);
//实例代码 这只是部分代码 不能直接使用
//异步扫描
WiFi.scanNetworks(true);
// print out Wi-Fi network scan result uppon completion
int n = WiFi.scanComplete();
if(n >= 0){
Serial.printf("%d network(s) found
", n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
Serial.printf("%d: %s, Ch:%d (%ddBm) %s
", i+1, WiFi.SSID(i).c_str(), WiFi.channel(i), WiFi.RSSI(i), WiFi.encryptionType(i) == ENC_TYPE_NONE ? "open" : "");
}
//打印一次结果之后把缓存中的数据清掉
WiFi.scanDelete();
}
异步扫描周边有效网络并回调结果
/** * Starts scanning WiFi networks available in async mode * @param onComplete the event handler executed when the scan is done * @param show_hidden show hidden networks */ void scanNetworksAsync(std::function
onComplete, bool show_hidden = false); //实例代码 #include "ESP8266WiFi.h" void prinScanResult(int networksFound)
{
Serial.printf(“%d network(s) found
“, networksFound);
for (int i = 0; i < networksFound; i++)
{
Serial.printf(“%d: %s, Ch:%d (%ddBm) %s
“, i + 1, WiFi.SSID(i).c_str(), WiFi.channel(i), WiFi.RSSI(i), WiFi.encryptionType(i) == ENC_TYPE_NONE ? “open” : “”);
}
}void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.disconnect();
delay(100);WiFi.scanNetworksAsync(prinScanResult);
}
void loop() {}
//应该会打印如下类似的显示
//5 network(s) found
//1: Tech_D005107, Ch:6 (-72dBm)
//2: HP-Print-A2-Photosmart 7520, Ch:6 (-79dBm)
//3: ESP_0B09E3, Ch:9 (-89dBm) open
//4: Hack-4-fun-net, Ch:9 (-91dBm)
//5: UPC Wi-Free, Ch:11 (-79dBm)
监测异步扫描结果
/**
* called to get the scan state in Async mode(异步扫描的结果函数)
* @return scan result or status
* -1 if scan not find
* -2 if scan not triggered
*/
int8_t scanComplete();
从内存中删掉最近扫描结果
/**
* delete last scan result from RAM(从内存中删除最近的扫描结果)
*/
void scanDelete();
扫描结果方法
获取wifi网络名字
/**
* Return the SSID discovered during the network scan.
* @param i specify from which network item want to get the information
* @return ssid string of the specified item on the networks scanned list
*/
String SSID(uint8_t networkItem);
获取wifi信号强度
/**
* Return the RSSI of the networks discovered during the scanNetworks(信号强度)
* @param i specify from which network item want to get the information
* @return signed value of RSSI of the specified item on the networks scanned list
*/
int32_t RSSI(uint8_t networkItem);
获取wifi网络加密方式
/**
* Return the encryption type of the networks discovered during the scanNetworks(加密方式)
* @param i specify from which network item want to get the information
* @return encryption type (enum wl_enc_type) of the specified item on the networks scanned list
* ............ Values map to 802.11 encryption suites.....................
* AUTH_OPEN ----> ENC_TYPE_WEP = 5,
* AUTH_WEP ----> ENC_TYPE_TKIP = 2,
* AUTH_WPA_PSK ----> ENC_TYPE_CCMP = 4,
* ........... except these two, 7 and 8 are reserved in 802.11-2007.......
* AUTH_WPA2_PSK ----> ENC_TYPE_NONE = 7,
* AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK ----> ENC_TYPE_AUTO = 8
*/
uint8_t encryptionType(uint8_t networkItem);
获取wifi网络mac地址
/**
* return MAC / BSSID of scanned wifi (物理地址)
* @param i specify from which network item want to get the information
* @return uint8_t * MAC / BSSID of scanned wifi
*/
uint8_t * BSSID(uint8_t networkItem);
/**
- return MAC / BSSID of scanned wifi (物理地址)
- @param i specify from which network item want to get the information
@return uint8_t * MAC / BSSID of scanned wifi
*/
String BSSIDstr(uint8_t networkItem);
获取整体网络信息名字
/**
loads all infos from a scanned wifi in to the ptr parameters
@param networkItem uint8_t
@param ssid const char**
@param encryptionType uint8_t *
@param RSSI int32_t *
@param BSSID uint8_t **
@param channel int32_t *
@param isHidden bool *
@return (true if ok)
/
bool getNetworkInfo(uint8_t networkItem, String &ssid, uint8_t &encryptionType, int32_t &RSSI, uint8_t &BSSID, int32_t &channel, bool &isHidden);
//注意:入参前面多数加了&,意味着调完函数后外面获取到详细信息;
获取整体网络型号通道
/**
return if the scanned wifi is Hidden (no SSID)(判断扫描到的wifi是否是隐藏wifi)
@param networkItem specify from which network item want to get the information
@return bool (true == hidden)
*/
bool isHidden(uint8_t networkItem);
实例操作
同步扫描
/** * Demo: * STA模式下,演示同步扫描Scan wifi功能 * @author 单片机菜鸟 * @date 2019/09/03 */ #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
//以下三个定义为调试定义
#define DebugBegin(baud_rate) Serial.begin(baud_rate)
#define DebugPrintln(message) Serial.println(message)
#define DebugPrint(message) Serial.print(message)void setup() {
//设置串口波特率,以便打印信息
DebugBegin(115200);
//延时5s 为了演示效果
delay(5000);
// 我不想别人连接我,只想做个站点
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
//断开连接
WiFi.disconnect();
delay(100);
DebugPrintln(“Setup done”);
}
void loop() {
DebugPrintln(“scan start”);
// 同步扫描,等待返回结果
int n = WiFi.scanNetworks();
DebugPrintln(“scan done”);
if (n == 0){
DebugPrintln(“no networks found”);
}else{
DebugPrint(n);
DebugPrintln(“ networks found”);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
DebugPrint(i + 1);
DebugPrint(“: “);
//打印wifi账号
DebugPrint(WiFi.SSID(i));
DebugPrint(“,”);
DebugPrint(String(“Ch:”)+WiFi.channel(i));
DebugPrint(“,”);
DebugPrint(WiFi.isHidden(i)?”hide”:”show”);
DebugPrint(“ (“);
//打印wifi信号强度
DebugPrint(WiFi.RSSI(i));
DebugPrint(“dBm”);
DebugPrint(“)”);
//打印wifi加密方式
DebugPrintln((WiFi.encryptionType(i) == ENC_TYPE_NONE)?”open”:”*”);
delay(10);
}
}
DebugPrintln(“”);
// 延时5s之后再次扫描
delay(5000);
}
异步扫描2
/** * Demo: * STA模式下,演示异步扫描Scan wifi功能 * @author 单片机菜鸟 * @date 2019/09/03 */ #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
//以下三个定义为调试定义
#define DebugBegin(baud_rate) Serial.begin(baud_rate)
#define DebugPrintln(message) Serial.println(message)
#define DebugPrint(message) Serial.print(message)/**
- 打印扫描结果
- @param networksFound 结果个数
*/
void prinScanResult(int networksFound){
Serial.printf(“%d network(s) found
“, networksFound);
for (int i = 0; i < networksFound; i++)
{
Serial.printf(“%d: %s, Ch:%d (%ddBm) %s
“, i + 1, WiFi.SSID(i).c_str(), WiFi.channel(i), WiFi.RSSI(i), WiFi.encryptionType(i) == ENC_TYPE_NONE ? “open” : “”);
}
}void setup() {
//设置串口波特率,以便打印信息
DebugBegin(115200);
//延时5s 为了演示效果
delay(5000);
// 我不想别人连接我,只想做个站点
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
//断开连接
WiFi.disconnect();
delay(100);
DebugPrintln(“Setup done”);
Serial.print(“
Scan start … “);
WiFi.scanNetworksAsync(prinScanResult);
}
void loop() {
}
本笔记参考博哥博客,如果对你有帮助,可以给我赞赏哦!